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Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(4): 334-337, ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603062

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is the main causative agent of early perinatal sepsis. The acquisition of prevention policies has led to frequent use of intrapartum antibiotics. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is indispensable for defining drugs of choice and alternatives for such prophylaxis. Objectives: To determine the evolution of antimicrobial resistance of GBS from maternal colonization to drugs used in the prevention of neonatal sepsis, between 2002 and 2008. Methods: We studied 100 GBS positive vaginal and anal samples from pregnant women. Disc diffussion susceptibility method was performed for penicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, erythromycin and clindamycin according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: We analyzed the susceptibility of 99 strains. Seventeen were resistant to erythromycin (17.1 percent) and 13 were resistant to clindamycin (13.1 percent). Thirteen of the 17 strains resistant to erythromycin had the MLS phenotype (resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin) and 4 had the M phenotype (resistance to erythromycin only). Within the MLS phenotype, resistance was constitutive in 9 strains, and induced in 4 strains (positive D test). Compared with 2002 there was a significant increase in resistance to clindamycin (from 3.27 percent to 13.1 percent p < 0.002) and erythromycin (1.09 percent to 17 percent p < 0.001). 100 percent GSB remained sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin. Conclusions: GBS remains highly susceptible to drugs of choice for prevention of perinatal sepsis. There is a significant increase in antimicrobial resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin. Therefore, it is necessary to request susceptibility testing in GBS from third trimester of pregnancy screening in patients allergic to penicillin.


Introducción: Streptococcus agalactiae es el principal agente causal de sepsis perinatal precoz. La adquisición de políticas de prevención ha traído consigo la utilización frecuente de antimicrobianos intra-parto. La vigilancia de resistencia antimicrobiana se hace indispensable para definir el fármaco de elección y alternativas en dicha profilaxis. Nuestro centro realiza tamizaje universal desde hace 10 años. Objetivos: Determinar la evolución de la resistencia antimicrobiana de S. agalactiae de colonización materna, a los antimicrobianos utilizados en la prevención de sepsis neonatal, entre 2002 y 2008. Métodos: Se estudiaron 100 muestras vaginales-anales positivas para S. agalactiae de mujeres embarazadas, con edad gestacional de 35 a 37 semanas. Se realizó estudio de susceptibilidad in vitro por discos a penicilina, ampicilina, cefazolina, eritromicina y clindamicina, según método estandarizado por Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Resultados: Se analiza la susceptibilidad de 99 cepas. Diecisiete fueron resistentes a eritromicina (17,1 por ciento) y 13 eran resistentes a clindamicina (13,1 por ciento). De las 17 cepas resistentes a eritromicina, 13 eran fenotipo MLS y 4 del fenotipo M. Dentro del fenotipo MLS, la resistencia fue constitutiva en nueve cepas e inducible en cuatro cepas (test D positivo). En comparación con el año 2002, hubo un aumento significativo de resistencia a clindamicina (de 3,2 a 13,1 por ciento p < 0,002) y a eritromicina (de 1,09 a 17 por ciento p < 0,001). Streptococcus agalactiae se mantuvo 100 por ciento sensible a penicilina y ampicilina. Conclusiones: S. agalactiae mantiene alta sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de elección para la prevención de sepsis neonatal y a un antimicrobiano alternativo: cefazolina. Se observó un aumento significativo de resistencia antimicrobiana a clindamicina y eritromicina. Se hace necesario, entonces, solicitar antibiograma en el tamizaje del tercer trimestre del embarazo, en pacientes alérgicas a penicilina.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Clindamycin/pharmacology , Erythromycin/pharmacology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus agalactiae/drug effects , Anal Canal/microbiology , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Phenotype , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Prenatal Diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Sepsis/congenital , Sepsis/microbiology , Sepsis/prevention & control , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Vagina/microbiology
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